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Federal Health Care Fraud Program Recovers $2.4B in 2017

The Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Justice Health Care Fraud and Abuse Control Program published their Annual Report for Fiscal Year 2017.

The Federal Government won or negotiated over $2.4 billion in health care fraud judgments and settlements in 2017, and it attained additional administrative impositions in health care fraud cases and proceedings. As a result of these efforts, as well as those of preceding years, $2.6 billion was returned to the Federal Government or paid to private persons.

Of this $2.6 billion, the Medicare Trust Funds received transfers of approximately $1.4 billion during this period, and $406.7 million in Federal Medicaid money was similarly transferred separately to the Treasury as a result of these efforts.

In FY 2017, the Department of Justice opened 967 new criminal health care fraud investigations. Federal prosecutors filed criminal charges in 439 cases involving 720 defendants A total of 639 defendants were convicted of health care fraud-related crimes during the year.

Also in FY 2017, DOJ opened 948 new civil health care fraud investigations and had 1,086 civil health care fraud matters pending at the end of the fiscal year. In FY 2017, the FBI investigative efforts resulted in over 674 operational disruptions of criminal fraud organizations and the dismantlement of the criminal hierarchy of more than 148 health care fraud criminal enterprises.

In FY 2017, investigations conducted by HHS’ Office of Inspector General (HHS-OIG) resulted in 788 criminal actions against individuals or entities that engaged in crimes related to Medicare and Medicaid, and 818 civil actions, which include false claims and unjust-enrichment lawsuits filed in federal district court, civil monetary penalties (CMP) settlements, and administrative recoveries related to provider self-disclosure matters.

HHS-OIG also excluded 3,244 individuals and entities from participation in Medicare, Medicaid, and other federal health care programs. Among these were exclusions based on criminal convictions for crimes related to Medicare and Medicaid (1,281) or to other health care programs (309), for patient abuse or neglect (266), and as a result of licensure revocations (973).

HHS-OIG also issued numerous audits and evaluations with recommendations that, when implemented, would correct program vulnerabilities and save program funds.

Due to sequestration of mandatory funding in 2017, there were fewer resources for DOJ, FBI, HHS, and HHS-OIG to fight fraud and abuses against Medicare, Medicaid, and other health care programs. A total of $20.7 million was sequestered from the HCFAC program in FY 2017, for a combined total of $115.5 million in the past five years. Including funds sequestered from the FBI and the FY 2013 discretionary HCFAC sequester, the total equals $161.7 million in the past five years.

Whistleblower Accuses Ventura County of $100M Medical Fraud

Ventura County officials are investigating a fired health care manager’s claims of irregular and fraudulent financial practices in the county’s public medical system. The allegations were cited in a $5.24 million retaliation claim filed against the county last year by Timothy Patten, chief deputy director and No. 2 person in the Ventura County Health Care Agency for most of 2016.

Patten said he had identified more than $100 million in activities he suspected were aimed at defrauding government agencies, the Ventura County Board of Supervisors, financial rating agencies and bondholders – a description the county’s chief financial officer found absurd. In Patten’s view, county officials had violated laws related to employment as well as abuse and fraud of Medicare and Medi-Cal, the government insurance programs that cover the bulk of patients in the Ventura County Medical Center system.

The VC Star reports that Patten settled with the county for $151,000 in severance, an agreement that required him to provide the factual basis for his allegations. A team of county legal and health care officials has been investigating the information in that document for the past seven months.

No evidence of broad losses, waste or fraud was identified in an analysis of the investigation that County Counsel Leroy Smith released Thursday. The team has not found any clear legal violations that need to be immediately corrected, based on a preliminary review of financial reports and interviews with 20 employees and officials with knowledge of the agency’s accounting practices, Smith wrote.

A few questions Patten raised about licensing issues at clinics and the size of physician payments did merit further review, Smith said.  The latter involved whether physician time sheets were accurate and some doctors were paid over the recommended rates and outside the normal review process, Smith’s report stated.  

Smith has said the accounting firm of Moss Adams and Huron Consulting Services, which the county has already retained to retool Ventura County Medical Center, may be asked to look at remaining issues. He expected the probe to be completed sometime this year.

Patten provided a five-page, typed statement to the county to back up his claim. The disclosures were based on more than 30 years as a health care executive in a variety of sectors and experience in investigations and compliance, he said. The document described what he called “accounting irregularities” and “potentially fraudulent accounting practices” in the system that is projected to spend $877 million this fiscal year.

Virtually all of his assertions were denied by Chief Financial Officer Catherine Rodriguez and Health Care Agency Director Johnson Gill, who said they indicated a lack of understanding of how public hospital systems work.  “There are basic principles that are totally missed here,” Gill said.

Patten said the budgeting process was incomplete and inadequate for such a large operation, the accounting methods were inconsistent and the agency moved money around to balance the books. At cash management meetings, finance staff would make up numbers to balance projections, he said. “Millions of dollars were added and subtracted without any backup or consent on the part of the operational leaders,” he wrote.

Rodriguez and Gill said the transfers are part of authorized shifts from the county to the state for the cost of the Medi-Cal program. Operational leaders were present at meetings where cash flow was discussed, Rodriguez said.

Smith agreed with Patten’s assessment that budgeting should be improved, saying it’s understood that the accounting systems and resources are not adequate for the demands of the large health system. But Patten’s claim that at least 10 clinics never had budgets seems to have no basis in fact, Smith’s analysis said.

Patten claimed it was also wrong to book a $15 million payment that was two years away. Rodriguez said the entry was justified because it was supported by law, could be estimated and was probable.

It appears Patten correctly pointed out that some clinics were not properly licensed, leading to billing problems. Gill said the situation at one clinic has been resolved but that the other in Santa Paula cannot be licensed until a state-authorized building is found. Smith doubted the county was submitting erroneous bills for payments to clinics without proper licenses but said the issue merited further review.

Patten said the financial position of VCMC was overstated because it failed to show a $15 million liability for drugs that were incorrectly given to patients who were not low-income. Gill said the problem was being corrected by the time Patten arrived in 2016.

Another section of his statement was devoted to what Patten called potentially fraudulent activities. He said the process physicians use for filling out time sheets violates federal standards because doctors are signing blank time sheets, then employees fill them in without knowing how much time the doctors have worked.

Cash transfers between the county and clinics exceed approved amounts and physician pay rates may exceed accepted standards, he said. Among other issues he reported: purchase orders from physicians do not follow federal guidelines, contract amendments are not being done in writing, and an unapproved accounting transfer of roughly $4 million was made from VCMC to the health care plan run by the county.

Smith said the issues had either been corrected, were not substantiated or were being addressed. He said the transfer Patten identified was approved by the Board of Supervisors.

Fraud Arrests Made at So. Cal Rehab Center

Two executives at a South Los Angeles company that offered alcohol and drug abuse treatment services were arrested on federal charges that allege they defrauded the Medi-Cal program by submitting bills seeking more than $2 million for services that did not qualify for reimbursement or simply were never provided.

Mesbel Mohamoud, 45, of Inglewood, and her mother-in-law, Erlinda Abella, 63, also of Inglewood, were taken into custody without incident.

Mohamoud and Abella were named in a 23-count indictment returned by a federal grand jury on March 29. The indictment charges both defendants with 21 counts of health care fraud and two counts of aggravated identity theft in relation to the scheme that allegedly ran from 2009 through 2015.

Mohamoud is the owner and executive director of The New You Center (TNYC). Abella, who co-founded TNYC with Mohamoud in 2005, is the program director at the company. TNYC had contracts to provide medically necessary substance abuse treatment services through the Drug Medi-Cal program to adults and teenagers in Los Angeles County.

The indictment alleges that TNYC submitted false and fraudulent bills for counseling sessions that were not conducted at all, were not conducted at authorized locations, or did not comply with Drug Medi-Cal regulations regarding the length of sessions or the number of patients.

Furthermore, Mohamoud and Abella allegedly caused TNYC to bill for clients who did not have a substance abuse problem, to falsify documents related to services supposedly provided to clients, and to forge client signatures on documents such as sign-in sheets.

The charges in the indictment primarily relate to services provided to girls residing at Dimondale Adolescent Care Facility group homes in Lancaster, Long Beach and Carson, facilities where TNYC was not authorized to provide counseling.

The indictment alleges that TNYC submitted over $2 million in false and fraudulent claims for group and individual substance abuse counseling services and was paid more than $1.8 million based on these bills.

Both defendants are expected to be arraigned on the indictment in United States District Court.

If they were to be convicted of the charges in the indictment, Mohamoud and Abella each would face a statutory maximum sentence of 10 years in federal prison for each of the 21 health care fraud charges. Additionally, there is a two-year mandatory sentence associated with each of the aggravated identity theft counts.

This case is being investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the California Department of Justice, Bureau of Medi-Cal Fraud and Elder Abuse.

The case is being prosecuted by Assistant United States Attorney Cathy J. Ostiller of the Major Frauds Section.

Cal/OSHA Gets Tough on Unsafe Roofer

Cal/OSHA cited California Premier Roofscapes, Inc. for repeat violations of fall protection safety orders and proposed $134,454 in penalties. The Escondido-based company was investigated and cited on six different occasions over the past four years for putting its workers at risk of fatal falls.

Cal/OSHA opened the most recent inspection in August of 2017 after receiving a report that workers were not wearing proper fall protection while installing tiles on the roof of a three-story Chula Vista home. Inspectors found that California Premier Roofscapes failed to ensure their workers were wearing safety harnesses and other personal fall protection. Employees were not properly trained on fall protection and roof work hazards.

“California Premier Roofscapes has repeatedly put its workers at risk of potentially deadly falls from heights, disregarding basic safety requirements to protect its employees,” said Cal/OSHA Chief Juliann Sum.

Cal/OSHA issued citations to California Premier Roofscapes for four violations including:

– One repeat-serious violation for failing to ensure that workers were wearing fall protection.
– One repeat general violation for failing to effectively implement and maintain a written Injury and Illness Prevention Program.
– Two general violations for not inspecting equipment prior to each use and inadequate training on fall hazards and protection.

The first inspection with California Premier Roofscapes was opened in October 2014 after Cal/OSHA received a complaint that employees were working on an Irvine roof with no fall protection. Cal/OSHA inspected a California Premier Roofscapes’ residential construction site in Azusa the following day after receiving a complaint involving an unsafe portable ladder.

The following month, Cal/OSHA investigated an accident involving a worker who suffered serious head and knee injuries after falling 15 feet from a ladder attached to scaffolding at a Carlsbad residential construction site.

In June 2015, Cal/OSHA opened an inspection and cited California Premier Roofscapes for a repeat serious violation after workers with no fall protection were reported on the roof of an Irvine construction site.

In March of the following year, Cal/OSHA inspected a report that California Premier Roofscapes’ workers wore harnesses but were not properly tied off to prevent falls from the roof of a Tustin construction site. California Premier Roofscapes was cited for two repeat violations, one serious and one general category.

Falls are the leading cause of death in construction nationwide. In California’s roofing industry, falls have caused nine deaths and 162 serious injuries since 2014.

A serious violation is cited when there is a realistic possibility that death or serious harm could result from the actual hazardous condition. A repeat violation is cited when the employer was previously cited for the same or a very similar violation and the earlier citation became final within the past 5 years.

New CMS Opioid Rules May Lower MSA Costs

A Workers’ Compensation Medicare Set-Aside Arrangement (WCMSA) is a financial agreement that allocates a portion of a workers’ compensation settlement to pay for future medical services related to the workers’ compensation injury, illness, or disease.

At time of settlement, employers submit the amount of the set aside for approval by CMS, and the amounts include significant sums for life time medication, often including opioids.

Over the last few years, the CMS estimate of future drug costs includes a calculation for opioids far in excess of what is reasonable, now that the opioid addiction crisis has focused more attention on drug addiction.

Finally, CMS has reacted to the opioid crisis and created new rules that may lower sums required by the WCMSA.

On April 2, 2018, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a final rule that updates Medicare Advantage Plan (MAP) and Medicare Part D policy changes.

The new rule provides the plans “with new tools to improve quality of care and provide more plan choices for MA and Part D enrollees.” CMS estimates that the changes will result in $295 million in savings a year for the Medicare program over 5 years (2019 through 2023), which will ultimately result in lower premiums.

Noteworthy of the policy change is CMS’ policy changes relative to the Implementation of the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act of 2016 (CARA).

CARA requires CMS to establish through regulation a framework that allows Part D Medicare prescription plans to implement drug management programs.

Under such programs, the Part D plans can limit at-risk beneficiaries’ access to coverage for frequently abused drugs beginning with the 2019 plan year. CMS will designate opioids and benzodiazepines as frequently abused drugs.

CMS will utilize Drug Management Programs as well as clinical guidelines used to determine if a beneficiary is potentially at-risk, which are based on using opioids from multiple prescribers and/or multiple pharmacies.

Part D plans will be allowed to limit an at-risk beneficiary’s access to frequently abused drugs to a selected prescriber(s) and/or pharmacy(ies). CMS will exempt beneficiaries who are being treated for active cancer-related pain, are receiving palliative or end-of-life care, or are in hospice or long-term care from drug management programs.

Thus CMS has issued this final rule with the goal of managing use of long-term, high-dose opioid and benzodiazepine usage.

In 2019 when these rules take effect, CMS should apply similar thinking to Workers’ Compensation Medicare Set-Aside (WCMSA) approvals in which the beneficiary is treating with high-dosage opioids.

If the Medicare Part D plan would no longer be responsible for paying for the drugs, it should not be included in the WCMSA. Likewise, CMS policy in discouraging long-term, highly-abused opioids should be applied across all CMS policy, including WCMSA policy review.

WCIRB Suggests Mid-Year 7.2% Rate Decrease

The WCIRB Governing Committee voted to authorize the WCIRB to submit a mid-year pure premium rate filing to the California Department of Insurance (CDI).

The mid-year filing will propose July 1, 2018 advisory pure premium rates that average $1.80 per $100 of payroll which is 7.2% lower than the Insurance Commissioner’s approved average January 1, 2018 advisory pure premium rate of $1.94 and 19.0% less than the industry average filed pure premium rate as of January 1, 2018 of $2.22.

This proposed July 1, 2018 decrease follows six consecutive decreases since early 2015 and, if approved, will result in an average decrease of more than 35% from the January 1, 2015 advisory pure premium rates.

The Governing Committee’s decision was based on the WCIRB Actuarial Committee’s analysis of insurer loss and loss adjustment experience as of December 31, 2017 which was reviewed at public meetings of the Actuarial Committee held on March 19, and April 3, 2018.

The Actuarial Committee noted that cumulative injury claims continue to increase, particularly in the Los Angeles region. In addition, medical severities show signs of increase after several years of more modest severity trends driven by Senate Bill No. 863 and allocated loss adjustment expenses continue to increase.

Despite these upward pressures on system costs, the Governing Committee believed a reduction in advisory pure premium rates was warranted by the favorable loss development largely driven by significant increases in claim settlement rates, a sharp decline in lien filings following the implementation of Senate Bill No. 1160 and anticipated savings resulting from the new drug formulary.

The WCIRB anticipates submitting its filing to the CDI by April 10, 2018. The filing and all related documents will be available in the Filings and Plans section of the WCIRB website (wcirb.com) and the WCIRB will issue a Wire Story once the filing has been submitted.

Documents related to the Governing Committee meeting, including the agenda and materials displayed or distributed at the meeting, are available on the Committee Documents page of the WCIRB website.

NCCI Studies Cost Shifting from Work Comp to Social Security

The idea that the costs for caring for injured workers have shifted to Social Security Disability Insurance is being disputed by a recent study conducted by the National Council on Compensation Insurance Inc.

The study, released March 26,, as reported by the Insurance Journal, is focused on the interaction between SSDI and workers compensation benefits and explores cost-shifting that may occur between the two programs.

“There have been some allegations or thoughts that perhaps workers comp cuts in benefits or the tightening of compensability standards at the state level might induce injured workers to file for SSDI … we found that the majority of states did not decrease benefits with a specific focus on permanent partial disability and permanent total disability,” said Jim Davis, director and actuary for Boca Raton, Florida-based NCCI.

Looking at the overall amount that is paid through SSDI is important, according to Emily Spieler, a professor of law at Northeastern University School of Law in Boston.

“Over the last 20 years with changes in workers compensation laws, people have always gotten injured at work, they have gotten permanent partial disability settlements, they have tried to go back to work and haven’t been able to return. They will apply for Social Security disability, sometimes while they are receiving the partial benefits, but the amount that is paid out by Social Security over a lifetime for someone who has a workplace injury may be far higher than is paid by workers compensation,” said Ms. Spieler.

NCCI saw the biggest change occur in the number of SSDI applications during the 2007-2009 recession.

“The largest increase in SSDI applications was during the great recession and this is common across states … and that is in contrast or versus any kind of activity at the state level,” said Mr. Davis.

The number of Social Security Disability Insurance beneficiaries rose 58%, and SSDI expenditures grew 138%, to $143 billion from $60 billion, from 2001 to 2015. Since 2010, the number of SSDI beneficiaries has been relatively stable, and spending growth has moderated, according to the study.

In states like Illinois and Nebraska, a person who receives both workers comp permanent total disability benefits and SSDI, in these cases workers comp shoulders a greater portion of total benefits, according to Mr. Davis.

“We have two different programs here. They serve different purposes, and from time to time there might be changes, perhaps to better align the program to its original intent, and that’s what we have seen. We have seen some changes that can shift costs in either direction, but that is not necessarily a bad thing,” said Mr. Davis.

There are still some lingering questions, said Ms. Spieler.

“I think there are three questions, and this research addresses one of them,” she said. “The first is to what extent does workers compensation pay for the costs of disability arising out of injury or illness? – the second question is to what extent have what they call ‘benefit changes’ had an impact on this cost shift? And there I think the report is accurate – the third question is … whether changes in the law have led to reductions in the amount that people are getting in workers compensation, not because the weekly benefits are different but because the way claims are looked at is different.”

DWC Proposes Amended Interpreter Fee Regulations

The Division of Workers’ Compensation (DWC) has posted proposed interpreter fee schedule regulations to its online forum where members of the public may review and comment on the proposals.

The draft regulations include:

– An objective, uniform fee structure based on the federal court system. Higher rates are paid for certified interpreters over provisionally certified, to encourage use of certified interpreters.
– Reduction in double billing fees for multiple interpretations during the same time slot.
– Detailed invoice information and billing codes. The independent bill review procedure will be required to quickly resolve disputes over bill amounts.
– An emphasis on the use of qualified interpreters. Specific documentation of efforts to obtain a certified interpreter is required to ensure that the injured worker is provided with a qualified interpreter.
– Requirements clarifying the selection and arrangement of interpreters.
– New credentialing identification requirements.

The organizations approved to certify interpreters remains unchanged from the current regulations.

For hearings and depositions, an interpreter must be listed as a certified interpreter on either the State Personnel Board or California Courts websites.

For medical treatment or medical-legal evaluations, the interpreter must be either certified for hearings and depositions, certified as a medical interpreter by the California Department of Human Resources, or has a current certification or credential in specific languages by either the Certification Commission for Healthcare Interpreters or the National Board of Certification for Medical Interpreters.

The forum can be found on the DWC forums web page under “current forums.” Comments will be accepted on the forum until 5 p.m. on Friday, April 13, 2018.

Christine Baker Retires as Head of DIR

Christine Baker abruptly retired as Director of the Department of Industrial Relations last week. No public announcement of her decision has been made by the DIR.

Her decision comes as a surprise to the industry stakeholders. According to a post by Julius Young on his blog, her decision was announced by an email she sent last Friday to DIR employees.

Christine Baker was the first woman to serve as director of the Department of Industrial Relations.

Her experience comes from working with labor and management as chief of the Division of Labor Statistics and Research (1984-89), the deputy director for the Division of Workers’ Compensation (1990-94), and the executive officer of the California Commission on Health and Safety and Workers’ Compensation from its inception in 1994 until April 2011. During her tenure as executive officer, the commission’s role expanded to overseeing the health, safety and workers’ compensation systems in California and recommending administrative and legislative changes for improvement.

In April 2011, Christine was named acting director of DIR and was appointed director by Gov. Brown in December. The Senate Rules Committee voted unanimously to confirm her appointment in May 2012.

As director, Christine served as the state administrator of Apprenticeship, the administrator of the state OSHA Plan, an ex officio member of the California Self-Insurers’ Security Fund and an ex officio member of the State Fund board of directors.

Ms. Baker is president-elect of the International Association of Industrial Accident Boards & Commissions (IAIABC), and has chaired the California Insurance Commissioner’s Workers’ Compensation Fraud Focus Group and the advisory committee of the International Forum on Disability Management.

Ms. Baker is the recipient of numerous awards. Small Business California recognized Christine as one of its 2008 Small Business Heroes. In 2012, she received the Human Rights Award from the League of United Latin American Citizens.

DOJ to Craft Non-Monetary Remedies in MDL Opioid Cases

The U.S. Justice Department on Monday sought court permission to participate in settlement negotiations aimed at resolving lawsuits by state and local governments against opioid manufacturers and distributors.

The Justice Department said in a brief it wanted to participate in talks overseen by a federal judge in Cleveland as a “friend of the court” that would provide information to help craft non-monetary remedies to combat the opioid crisis.

“We are determined to see that justice is done in this case and that ultimately we end this nation’s unprecedented drug crisis,” U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions said in a statement.

Last month, the Justice Department asked U.S. District Judge Dan Polster for 30 days to decide whether to participate in the litigation given the costs the federal government had incurred because of the opioid epidemic.

But Monday’s brief signaled that the Justice Department would not be seeking to participate as an active litigant in the litigation before Polster, who is overseeing at least 433 opioid-related lawsuits brought primarily by cities and counties.

The lawsuits generally accuse drugmakers of deceptively marketing opioids and allege distributors ignored red flags indicating the painkillers were being diverted for improper uses. The defendants have denied wrongdoing.

Polster has been pushing for a global settlement and has invited state attorneys general who have cases and probes not before him to participate in the negotiations.

The defendants include drugmakers Purdue Pharma LP, Johnson & Johnson, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Endo International PLC and Allergan PLC and distributors AmerisourceBergen Corp, Cardinal Health Inc and McKesson Corp.

In Monday’s brief, the Justice Department said that while it was pursuing opioid-related criminal and civil cases, it would not be proper to consolidate them with the lawsuits before Polster.

Nevertheless, it said the federal government could provide information to assist in crafting a settlement. The Justice Department noted the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration had already agreed to produce data on the names and market shares of opioid manufacturers and distributors in each state.

The department said it also had an interest in facilitating discussions about the parties’”legal obligations” given the federal government’s own substantial financial stake in fighting the epidemic.