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5 Carriers Form Blockchain Alliance for Claims

Last month the Insurance Journal reported that the Workers’ Compensation Insurance Rating Bureau in California is looking into using blockchain technology as a better, safer, way to get the workers’ comp carriers and agents and brokers access to the massive amount of data the WCIRB collects. And this may just be the start of blockchain implementation in insurance claims processing.

Insurance experts expect blockchain will touch a number of areas: underwriting, customer on-boarding, travel and life insurance, personal accident insurance, surety insurance, peer-to-peer insurance and claims processing. In healthcare, for example, a doctor could submit a claim to the insurer’s blockchain – this action starts a smart contract, which is programmed inside business rules, revises the claim and defines a total sum to be paid.

According to the Institute of Medicine, about 30 cents of every healthcare dollar is wasted on needless administrative fees, medical fraud, excessive paperwork and other waste. Blockchain may not be the elixir for age-old problems, but it has great potential to save billions by optimizing current workflow and business processes.

And now details are emerging from technology startups, and carriers who are developing insurance claim blockchain applications. And a handful of headlines from the past three months have made it clear that insurers are moving forward with novel technologies in mind.

Of note, a partnership of five healthcare organizations including insurers UnitedHealthcare and Humana, Optum, Quest Diagnostics, and MultiPlan announced plans to launch a blockchain pilot to help payers tackle mandated provider directories. The program will apply blockchain technology to improve the quality of data and reduce the administrative costs associated with insurers getting up-to-date healthcare provider demographic data.

The pilot will start in late spring through the summer with results expected this fall. “I think the alliance is one of the first, if not the first, national blockchain alliances for healthcare,” Mike Jacobs, a senior distinguished engineer at Optum, who has been working on the test program for two years, said.

It takes quite a lot of time and money for insurers to reach out to providers each 90-day cycle, Jacobs said. Sometimes it takes half-a-dozen times to reach a provider through calls, emails or even through faxed information.

Managed care organizations, health systems, physicians, diagnostic information service providers and other healthcare stakeholders typically maintain separate copies of healthcare provider data, which can result in time-intensive and expensive reconciliation processes when differences arise, Optum said.

An estimated $2.1 billion is spent annually across the healthcare system chasing and maintaining provider data.

The pilot will use blockchain technology for the five members of the alliance to share the curated information.

“So when one payer does the curation work, it could be potentially shared with the other payers,” he said. “This works for payers that have an overlapping provider population.”

Optum also seems to have been keeping an eye on other up-and-coming technologies, namely AI and neural networks. In a sold-out discussion hosted at Optum’s Boston office and organized by the Design Museum Foundation, Sanji Fernando, vice president and head of OptumLabs’ Center for Applied Data Science, explained at length how ongoing difficulties researchers face in explaining the decision-making process of these networks is limiting their role in healthcare.

Santa Maria Insurance Agent Pleads Guilty

A former insurance agent was sentenced to three years of formal probation and time served, and ordered to pay restitution after pleading guilty to one felony count of insurance fraud for embezzling from his employer.

Zachary Dale Jackson, 31, of Santa Maria must pay back $4,389 under the terms of the deal.

An insurance company alerted California Department of Insurance investigators, who determined that while Jackson worked as an agent for the firm, he falsified insurance documents related to his own personal insurance claim.

He also embezzled funds from the insurance company by writing multiple checks, adding up to $4,388 to himself from the company’s account.

“I have zero tolerance for agents who violate the principles of their license and rip off insurers or consumers for their own financial gain,” said Insurance Commissioner Dave Jones. “Dishonest agents reflect poorly on the more than 350,000 licensed agents and brokers, most of whom do their best to be honest and professional in their business practices in California.”

The department’s investigation led to Jackson’s arrest in November 2017, and he initially faced five felony charges, according to Santa Barbara County Superior Court records. Jackson was sentenced in June.

The state revoked Jackson’s agent license and barred him from transacting the business of insurance.

The case was prosecuted by the Santa Barbara County District Attorney’s Office, and he was represented by the Santa Barbara County Public Defender’s Office.

Southland Psychiatrist Arrested

A psychiatrist who practices at a Santa Ana clinic has been arrested on federal charges that allege he issued prescriptions for dangerous and addictive narcotics, such as the opioid oxycodone, without a medical purpose.

Dr. Robert Tinoco Perez, 56, of Westminster, was arrested Friday by special agents with the Drug Enforcement Administration.

Perez was named in a 14-count indictment returned by a federal grand jury on June 27. The indictment charges Perez with selling prescriptions to drug customers, as well as to brokers who sold the drugs obtained from filling the prescriptions and split the profits with Perez.

Perez wrote prescriptions for “patients” he had never met or examined, including an undercover officer, according to the indictment. Perez and his co-conspirators allegedly created fictitious medical records for drug customers to provide justification for their prescriptions.

The drugs alleged to have been prescribed illegally by Perez included oxycodone and hydrocodone (both opioid pain medications), amphetamine salts (sold primarily under the brand name Adderall), and alprazolam (sold primarily under the brand name Xanax).

Perez is also charged with possession with intent to distribute nearly one ounce of methamphetamine.

Perez pleaded not guilty and was ordered to stand trial on August 21.

Perez’s license to practice had been placed on probation for 35 months last December, due to his ill treatment of patients, family members, an Orange County judge and a Medical Board of California investigator, according to state officials.

The order for Dr. Robert T. Perez went into effect on Dec. 8. That was after Perez and his Santa Ana attorney Lee J. Retros had signed a letter in September accepting the medical board’s allegations and punishment against the psychiatrist, which includes seeing a psychiatrist. State records cited Perez’s behavior toward numerous people and care and treatment of a patient identified as M.M..

Perez had additional proceeding filed against him by the Medical Board in May 2018. It alleges three causes of discipline – sexual exploitation, sexual misconduct and unprofessional conduct – because Perez had sex with a patient he went on to marry. The Board also claims he failed to adhere to terms of his December 2018 probation. He failed to complete the educational courses required by the probation.

A second defendant charged in the federal criminal indictment – William Jason Plumley, 40, of Huntington Beach – is alleged to have sold both prescriptions written by Perez and the drugs filled from his prescriptions. Plumley already is in federal custody on a previous indictment alleging that he sold methamphetamine.

So. Cal. Pharmacy Settles DEA Charges

A pharmacy in Lakeside, California and its owners have paid $75,000 to resolve allegations that they failed to properly account for highly addictive and frequently abused opioids, including fentanyl.

The settlement is with Archana Corporation and its owners Rajeshbhai Zalavadiya and Ramesh Rakholia. The Archana Corporation, Zalavadiya, and Rakholia do business as Leo’s Lakeside Pharmacy.

This settlement arises from a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) investigation into Leo’s Lakeside Pharmacy’s opioid dispensing practices. In response to the Justice Department’s focus on combatting the opioid epidemic, the DEA has continued to conduct inspections and audits at pharmacies throughout the Southern District of California. Leo’s Lakeside Pharmacy was one of those pharmacies. Based on the DEA’s inventory audits, inspections, and other investigative activities, the United States asserts that Leo’s Lakeside Pharmacy violated the Controlled Substances Act (CSA).

The CSA applies to all registered controlled substances handlers, including pharmacies. The CSA also subjects registered pharmacies to strict requirements regarding inventory control and recordkeeping. These requirements ensure that pharmacies account for controlled substances from the time of purchase until they are dispensed to patients. The alleged violations include failure to keep accurate records associated with pharmaceutical fentanyl, oxycodone, and hydrocodone

In addition to paying $75,000 in settlement to the government, Leo’s Lakeside Pharmacy has committed to implementing new inventory control procedures to assure full accountability of all controlled substances. .

“This investigation is a reminder to the pharmacy community that lax recordkeeping opens the door to the diversion of highly addictive pharmaceuticals,” states Drug Enforcement Administration San Diego Field Division Special Agent in Charge Karen Flowers. “These pills can and do make their way into the illegal distribution stream of narcotics which continue to fuel the opioid epidemic.”

This matter was handled by Assistant U.S. Attorney Dylan M. Aste of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of California and the Drug Enforcement Administration.

Drugmakers Battle PBMs Over Copay Manipulation

In the escalating battle over U.S. prescription drug prices, Reuters Health reports that major pharmaceutical companies are scrambling to limit the economic damage from a new U.S. insurer tactic that coaxes patients away from expensive drugs.

In recent years, insurers have tried to guide patients toward less expensive treatments by making them pay a higher portion of a drug’s costs. Drugmakers responded by dramatically raising the financial aid they offer, in the form of “copay assistance” cards – similar to a debit card – that reduce what consumers need to pay when they place their pharmacy order.

Express Scripts Holding Co and CVS Health, which manage prescription drug coverage for large U.S. employers, say these payments shield consumers from drug costs, making it easier for manufacturers to raise those prices. Insurers have to make up the difference.

This year, Express Scripts and others introduced a new “copay accumulator” approach for its corporate customers. The programs prevent copay card funds from counting toward a patient’s required out-of-pocket spending before insurance kicks in on expensive specialty drugs, such as arthritis and HIV treatments.

As an example, a patient whose medicine costs $1,000 per month might be required to pay that amount until they reach a deductible of $2,000 set by their insurer. A copay card from the drugmaker would cover most, or all, of those costs for the patient and it would count towards the deductible.  When the deductible is reached, the insurance begins to pay.

But if the insurance plan is using an accumulator, the patient could still have to pay the $2,000 out of pocket when their copay card expires or runs out of money. Some more aggressive accumulator programs will also draw more money than a drugmaker expected to pay off a copay card when the card is detected.

These tactics could force the drugmaker to keep paying the out of pocket costs. Otherwise the patient could move to an equivalent drug if one is available or abandon their prescription because it is too expensive.

Drugmakers are working on ways to counter copay accumulator programs, fearing that more employer health plans will adopt them in 2019.  

They include new payment options to evade detection by the pharmacy benefits managers (PBMs) so that a patient still benefits from the financial aid, said Matthew Turner, who is working with drugmakers as director of patient affordability at TrialCard, which operates copay cards for companies. He would not provide details of how those arrangements work.

Drugmakers are also taking a tougher stance when negotiating prices or new discounts for payers, according to insurance industry executives and pharmaceutical consultants.

They have reason for concern. A survey by the National Business Group on Health (NBGH), which represents large corporate employers, showed that 17 percent of respondents said they were currently using a copay accumulator program. Another 18 percent of respondents are considering using one next year or in 2020.

Savings can be substantial for employers when accumulators coax patients to switch to a drug for which they receive the highest rebate. For instance, rebates to PBMs for Humira and Enbrel can differ by as much as $1,000 per prescription, according to Michael Rea, CEO of Rx Savings Solutions.

AI Defeats Physician In Diagnostic Competition

An artificial intelligence (AI) system scored 2:0 against elite human physicians in two rounds of competitions in diagnosing brain tumors and predicting hematoma expansion.

The BioMind AI system, developed by the Artificial Intelligence Research Centre for Neurological Disorders at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital and a research team from the Capital Medical University, made correct diagnoses in 87 percent of 225 cases in about 15 minutes, while a team of 15 senior doctors only achieved 66-percent accuracy.

The AI also gave correct predictions in 83 percent of brain hematoma expansion cases, outperforming the 63-percent accuracy among a group of physicians from renowned hospitals across the country.

The outcomes for human physicians were quite normal and even better than the average accuracy in ordinary hospitals, said Gao Peiyi, head of the radiology department at Tiantan Hospital, a leading institution on neurology and neurosurgery.

To train the AI, developers fed it tens of thousands of images of nervous system-related diseases that the Tiantan Hospital has archived over the past 10 years, making it capable of diagnosing common neurological diseases such as meningioma and glioma with an accuracy rate of over 90 percent, comparable to that of a senior doctor.

All the cases were real and contributed by the hospital, but never used as training material for the AI, according to the organizer.

AI will not only reduce the workload but also push doctors to keep learning and improve their skills, said Lin.

Bian Xiuwu, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Science and a member of the competition’s jury, said there has never been an absolute standard correct answer in diagnosing developing diseases, and the AI would only serve as an assistant to doctors in giving preliminary results.

Dr. Paul Parizel, former president of the European Society of Radiology and another member of the jury, also agreed that AI will not replace doctors, but will instead function similar to how GPS does for drivers.

Dr. Gauden Galea, representative of the World Health Organization in China, said AI is an exciting tool for healthcare but still in the primitive stages.

China has introduced a series of plans in developing AI applications in recent years.

In 2017, the State Council issued a development plan on the new generation of Artificial Intelligence and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology also issued the “Three-Year Action Plan for Promoting the Development of a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence (2018-2020).”

The Action Plan proposed developing medical image-assisted diagnostic systems to support medicine in various fields.

Jones Targets Comp Carrier Profits and Tax “Savings”

Insurance Commissioner Jones announced he has issued an order that every insurer licensed to write workers’ compensation insurance in the State of California must report their federal income tax savings annually through a rate filing in light of the new tax law.

The recent revision to the Federal Tax Schedule for 2018 reduced the corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent. Jones says “That means that nationally insurers will now be able to retain even more of policyholder premiums as profit.”

He is referring to the “Tax Jobs and Cuts Act of 2017” signed into law by President Trump on December 22, 2017.

“Any savings to insurers should be passed along to California businesses,” said Commissioner Jones.

Thus, Jones’ order will require each insurer to submit a rate filing to report the dollar amount of their tax savings by December 31, 2018, and on a yearly basis through December 31, 2020.  Insurers will need to provide details about how those savings impact their rates.

The insurer must also provide a detailed explanation if they have determined that there is no rate impact, stating why the reduction in the federal corporate tax rate does not affect their rates.

The Order is broadly written to include tax savings from earnings having nothing to do with workers’ compensation lines of insurance in California. It pertains to profits from any line of insurance, or an business enterprise of an insurance company, as though that would pertain to setting a premium for workers’ compensation insurance risk in the California marketplace.

Nonetheless, Jones maintains that “This order will allow my department to examine workers’ compensation insurers’ savings and rates and provide transparency to the public. I urge insurers to pass these savings along to policyholders.”

Jones has no rate making authority over worker’s compensation insurance pricing in California. Thus it would seem that the outcome of this study would lead to no particular regulatory action other than “transparency” which is already available for most insurance companies that are publicly held. All publicly held corporations are required to file regular certified financial statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission that provide detailed financial and tax information. The Commissioner – and the public – can review this historical and current information at any time.

$647K in Penalties for Farm Labor Wage Theft

The Labor Commissioner’s Office has issued wage theft citations to a large farm labor contracting operation for failing to timely provide 1,374 seasonal farm workers their final pay.

Vista Santa Rosa Inc. did not pay discharged workers on the last day of work as required by law, and the company consistently issued final paychecks at least 72 hours late. Both client employers and their labor suppliers are accountable for workplace labor law violations in California.

An investigation was launched in August 2016 after workers reported violations of late pay to California Rural Legal Assistance, a nonprofit that provides free legal services. The investigation identified $646,875 in waiting time penalties, of which $323,729 is due to 867 affected workers in 2016, and $323,145 is due to 864 workers in 2017.

Vista Santa Rosa Inc. hires and provides farm workers to growers in the Coachella Valley region. In 2016, Vista was a sole-proprietorship owned and operated by Jose Luis Gomez Jr. In 2017 Gomez began doing business as Vista Santa Rosa Inc. Both Gomez and his successor company Vista share joint and several liability for the $646,875 in waiting time penalties.

California Labor Code section 2810.3 holds client employers – those that obtain or are provided workers from a subcontractor – responsible for their subcontractor’s workplace violations. Client employers also liable for Vista’s violations include:

— Brighton Distributing, Inc.
— Alexandra Dates, Inc.
— Coachella Valley Ranch Development, Inc.
— MICA, LLC
— The Wildwood Group, Inc.
— East-West Unlimited, LLC
— Anthony Vineyards, Inc.
— Sun World International, LLC

If a worker quits, final wages are due within 72 hours of the notice. Waiting time penalties are imposed when the employer intentionally fails to pay all wages due to the employee at the time of separation. This penalty is calculated by taking the employee’s daily rate of pay and multiplying it by the number of days the employee was not paid, up to a maximum of 30 days.

Enforcement investigations typically include a payroll audit of the previous three years to determine minimum wage, overtime and other labor law violations, and any payments owed and penalties due are calculated.

July 2, 2018 Edition


Rene Thomas Folse, JD, Ph.D. is the host for this edition which reports on the following news stories: No Jurisdiction Over NFL Player’s Injuries – Affirmed, Illicit Opioid Sales Skyrocket on “Dark Net”, Uninsured Contractor Pleads Guilty, WCIRB Says 2017 Combined Loss Ratio Drops to 91%, WCIRB Considering Use of Blockchain Technology, Janitorial Companies Face July 1 PSWPA Registration Deadline, 2019 TTD Rates to Increase Nearly 3%, Robotic Doctor Passes Medical License Exam, Silicon Valley High Burn Out Rate Health Risks, FDA Approves First Cannabis Based Drug.

Daniel Capen M.D. – and Dozens More – Indicted

Federal officials are charging 601 people in the largest bust of health care fraud in U.S. history. Southern California criminal cases named a total of 33 defendants. Nine new defendants being charged as part of Operation “Spinal Cap.” The scheme was spearheaded by Michael Drobot, the former owner of Pacific Hospital in Long Beach.

In the cases announced in Operation Spinal Cap Daniel Capen, 68, of Manhattan Beach, an orthopedic surgeon, has agreed to plead guilty to conspiracy and illegal kickback charges. Capen accounted for approximately $142 million of Pacific Hospital’s claims to insurers, on which the hospital was paid approximately $56 million.

Timothy Hunt, 53, of Palos Verdes Estates, another orthopedic surgeon who referred spinal surgery patients to Capen and other doctors, has agreed to plead guilty to a conspiracy charge involving his receipt of illegal kickbacks stemming from various financial relationships with Pacific Hospital and related entities.

George William Hammer, 65, of Palm Desert, the former chief financial officer of the physician management arm of Pacific Hospital, has agreed to plead guilty to tax charges based on the fraudulent classification of illegal kickbacks in hospital-related corporate tax filings.

Lauren Papa, 52, of Tarzana, a chiropractor, has agreed to plead guilty to a conspiracy charge involving her receipt of illegal kickbacks to refer patients to a neurosurgeon with the understanding that the neurosurgeon would perform the surgeries at Pacific Hospital.

Tiffany Rogers, 53, of Palos Verdes Estates, an orthopedic surgeon, was named in an indictment unsealed Wednesday in connection with receiving illegal kickbacks to refer patients for spinal surgeries at Pacific Hospital.

Brian Carrico, 64, of Redondo Beach, a chiropractor – along with Performance Medical & Rehab Center, Inc., which was partially owned by Carrico; and One Accord Management, Inc., which Carrico wholly owned – were charged in connection with the receipt of illegal kickbacks to influence the referral of patients to Pacific Hospital. An indictment unsealed Wednesday alleges that these defendants and other co-conspirators were responsible for approximately $80 million in claims submitted to the federal workers’ compensation program and were paid approximately $56 million in connection with patients that Performance Medical referred to Pacific Hospital.

William Parker, 64, of Redondo Beach, was charged in a separate indictment unsealed on Wednesday in connection with the same kickback scheme involving Carrico and his companies.

In San Diego, the cases include Marco Antonio Chavez, a licensed medical doctor specializing in psychiatry, was charged with 30 counts of health care fraud in connection with over $928,000 in bills he submitted to TRICARE for services he never provided. He was also charged with five counts of aggravated identity theft and one count of obstruction of a federal audit..

Four defendants, including two chiropractors, a physical therapist and an acupuncturist, were charged with conspiracy to commit health care fraud and honest services fraud and to pay unlawful kickbacks stemming from their operation of R.I.S.E. Medical Center. According to the indictment, R.I.S.E. operated several “Wellness Centers” in San Diego County, including Bonita and Oceanside, and offering a range of services including physical therapy, diagnostic tests, massages, chiropractic treatments, and acupuncture..

Joserodel Zavala Candelario, a chiropractor and owner of R.I.S.E., imposed quotas for non-reimbursable services and treatments, allegedly telling staff that they were expected to provide a certain number of diagnostic tests, “no matter what”; to “grab patients in lobbies to put into provider schedules”; and to ply patients with complimentary treatments so R.I.S.E. could continue to fraudulently bill TRICARE and Medicare.  

In addition, Candelario was also charged with paying a patient recruiter over $18,000 to refer TRICARE patients to the R.I.S.E. clinic. The recruiter, Mariam Reyes, was charged separately with conspiring to solicit and receive kickbacks.

In a separate indictment, Candelario was charged with participating in a scheme to defraud California Workers’ Compensation insurers and R.I.S.E. patients by receiving illegal kickbacks and bribes to refer patients to certain providers. According to the indictment, Candelario paid kickbacks to his co-schemers through a front company in exchange for referrals of Workers’ Compensation patients, and then concealed these kickbacks through sham “marketing” agreements.

One of Candelario’s co-schemers, Boris Dadiomov, was charged separately for his role in the fraudulent conspiracy. As a result of their unlawful cross-referral kickback scheme, Candelario and the other schemers received over 500 illegal patient referrals and submitted over $6.6 million in false billings to insurance companies.