Around 52.5 million adults in the US have been diagnosed with some form of arthritis, and this number is expected to grow in coming years, emphasizing the need for new treatments. Arthritis is the most common cause of disability in the US, affecting around 1 in 5 adults. There is no cure for the condition, but there are medications and non-pharmacologic treatments available to help manage symptoms caused by the condition. Now, a new study may have paved the way for just that, revealing how patients with arthritis could be treated using their own “microvesicles.”
Researchers say a patient’s own microvesicles – small particles released by cells – could help treat arthritis.Microvesicles are tiny, fluid-filled particles – around 0.5-1 micrometer in diameter – that are released by cells in large numbers. While it is known these particles transfer lipids and proteins to other cell types, their role in disease remains unclear.
According to the research team microvesicles released from some white blood cells, such as neutrophils, tend to accrue in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. But what do these microvesicles do once they reach the joints? This is what the team decided to investigate by analyzing genetically modified mouse models of arthritis and human cartilage cells from patients with the disease.
It is widely believed that cells and other small particles are unable to penetrate cartilage, making delivering therapies to the joints of patients with arthritis very challenging. From their research, however, Prof. Perretti and colleagues found that microvesicles released from neutrophils have the ability to enter cartilage – a discovery that could open the door to novel treatment strategies for arthritis. Their findings are published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.
The team says further studies are needed to determine the potential of translating their findings into a new therapeutic approach for arthritis. “Our study indicates that these vesicles could be a novel form of therapeutic strategy for patients suffering from cartilage damage due to a range of diseases, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and trauma. Treating patients with their own vesicles may only require a day in hospital, and the vesicles could even be ‘fortified’ with other therapeutic agents, for example, omega-3 fatty acids or other small molecules.”