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Adir International, LLC operates the Curacao chain of retail department stores. From 2004 to 2011, Travelers issued a workers’ compensation insurance policy to Adir. The policy was a “guaranteed cost” policy with standard language approved by the Commissioner.

Before issuing the policy to Adir, in accordance with Insurance Code section 11658, Travelers filed the policy with the Workers’ Compensation Insurance Rating Bureau for the Commissioner’s review. The Commissioner did not object to the policy. The policy did not contain an arbitration provision.

As an annual condition for issuing the policy, Adir executed a separate agreement with Travelers that contained the terms and conditions for the Retrospective Rating Plan Endorsement. The annual agreement introduced a requirement for binding arbitration of disputes.

On February 14, 2011, the Commissioner issued a letter to the Rating Bureau requesting it to “notify its member insurers” that the Commissioner “has prohibited the use of collateral agreements, which is synonymous with the term ‘side-agreement,’ concerning workers’ compensation insurance unless they are attached to the policy.” The Commissioner further stated that an insurer’s attempted enforcement of unfiled side agreements could constitute a violation of California law.

When Adir’s coverage expired on July 1, 2012, it did not renew its workers’ compensation insurance with Travelers. Travelers then sought arbitration regarding “the amount of premium currently owing to Travelers by Adir.

On March 13, 2015, Adir filed a complaint in the Los Angeles County Superior Court against Travelers. The Superior Court refused to rule on the validity of the arbitration clause, asserting that the arbitrator was to resolve that issue.

Adir then filed a motion with the arbitration panel, arguing that since the arbitration agreement was not “filed or approved by the Insurance Commissioner,” the agreement was “an illegal agreement and therefore unenforceable.” The arbitration panel denied Adir’s motion to dismiss Travelers’ arbitration claims.

On June 22, 2016, the Commissioner, in a precedential administrative decision (Matter of Shasta Linen Supply, Inc.) ruled that unapproved policy side agreements were illegal.

On July 20, 2017, the arbitration panel issued an interim award of $2,709,280 in favor of Travelers and against Adir. Before the arbitration panel issued a final award, on May 3, 2018, the Fourth District Court of Appeal issued Nielsen Contracting, Inc. v. Applied Underwriters, Inc. (2018) 22 Cal.App.5th 1096, which held that the trial court, not the arbitrator, should determine the enforceability of the specific arbitration provisions.

On June 18, 2018, under the trial court’s “inherent authority to reconsider its prior rulings,” Adir filed a renewed motion in the Superior Court, seeking to declare the arbitration provision in the agreement “void and unenforceable for illegality.” The trial court granted Adir’s renewed motion on August 23, 2018, declaring the arbitration provisions unenforceable and void.

Travelers appealed, and the Court of Appeal affirmed the finding in the unpublished case of Adir International v. The Travelers Indemnity.

A number of arguments made by Travelers on appeal were rejected, including its argument that the issue was preempted by the Federal Arbitration Act.